THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ENTREPRENEURS & ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERS (ROBERT KUOK)

1.0         INTRODUCTION

The word entrepreneur in English derives from the French "entrepreneur" which means to the task or experiment. Since the beginning of the use of the word "entrepreneur" in 1775, an apparent reference to the activities of the business. In the 1970s the word entrepreneur was originally popular among Malaysians. After 1969, the word entrepreneur began appearing in the formulation and implementation of the New Economic Policy (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010).

According to Rosli Mahmood et al., In 2010 the entrepreneur is defined as a person who operates a business until they success with the motive in gaining profit and practice good strategies to succeed. Webster's New World Dictionary states, the entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages the acquisition, assuming the risk for the sake of profit. The definition is further elaborated by Hull, Bosley and Udel (1980), by calling on individuals who buy or inherit an existing business with the intention and efforts to expand it. Thus, Meredith, Nelson and Neck (1982) suggest that the entrepreneur is a person who is able to see and evaluate the opportunities to combine business and resource requirements for appropriate opportunities to become successfull. Overall, entrepreneur takes a definition and a very widespread (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010).

A country would have difficulty in achieving a developed nation status without a successful entrepreneur and competitive. This is because, they are the backbone and driving force of the economy. Thus, according to Rosli Mahmood et al., in 2010 entrepreneurs are the driving force and catalyst for the national economy.

In conclusion, the entrepreneur is an individual who is dynamic and always ready to confront the challenges of pursuing success. Thus, with the good property which is owned by entrepreneurs, they need to seize the opportunity and ready to face the challenges.

2.0         THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS

Successful entrepreneurs need to have a feature that shows the entrepreneur's entrepreneur can take business to the world

2.1                Proactive

Someone who has had a vision of a proactive attitude in the future, look to the future with optimism, always active and thinking about what they can do to improve the quality of life. A person who has committed a proactive attitude to driving force in their own lives. Those who have a proactive attitude to be able to take the right decisions even in bad situations. They should be more focus on what they do next is responsible for its own decisions.

            Become a successful entrepreneur should have a proactive attitude that is acting to do any work without being ordered and are initiative. Therefore, an individual who is proactive need to know the circumstances surrounding the organization. A more proactive attitude that positive thinking to devise and oversee the action taken far earlier than expected will happen.

             An entrepreneur must identify the causes of problems and take early action to prevent the problem or make it not arise. If there are problems that arise, at least in existing inventories and the problem can be dealt with effectively and quickly.

              For example as an executive was asked to prepare a report. However, he not only prepared his report even be making initial preparations for what will be questioned by its chairman. So if there are questions raised, he can explain it spontaneously it will give more confidence and trust by its chairman.

  

              An entrepreneur has a positive self-concept by thinking positively. Entrepreneurs will be able to see a problem as an opportunity than those who consider as a matter of chance. Therefore, entrepreneurs need to find a solution to the problem would provide an opportunity for the organization.

2.2         Open risk taker

The next feature is the entrepreneurs to take risks. To become a successful entrepreneur and successful, do not be afraid of failure and try to be brave and face the risk of open-mindedness. The distinguishing factor between the entrepreneurs and ordinary people is that in terms of risk appetite, entrepreneurs often more willing to take risks.

                  

            An entrepreneur must make judgments, and consideration of risk. This is because of the risk created will ensure safe. Open returns an entrepreneur is a risk taker who likes to challenge. In business management, an entrepreneur it is those who love chasing risk. Entrepreneurs will choose a moderate risk. Entrepreneurs do not take risks blindly. Everything that will be faced them took into account all aspects. Entrepreneurs are considered as a high risk within the organization. An entrepreneur not a gambler as it says in the myth of entrepreneurship. Instead they are a forced to be based on business risk.

  

            Consequently, the entrepreneur will see risk as an opportunity and an advantage for successful business. Entrepreneurs difficult to reveal word "no" if they are not satisfied and successful in achieving the goal. Any risks should be evaluated carefully because with a higher risk of the higher yields obtained. There are several types of risk, namely the risk of physical, career risk, financial risk, the risk of family and social life.

2.3         Networked

Features entrepreneurs who in turn is every entrepreneur should discard tissue with outsiders. Networking is a relationship established and maintained by an entrepreneur with a man either within the organization or outside the organization for mutual benefit. In business, entrepreneurs need to have a wide network of relationships or with outside parties or the business environment to expand markets and develop existing businesses. Thereby, the various concepts instilled in the attitude of entrepreneurs to create networks. Accordingly, various benefits can be obtained for each network formed by entrepreneurs have talents in addition to the agenda that can bring business to the world.

           For example, an entrepreneur who wants to open his own business before he has to work with others for the experience. To be an entrepreneur, we cannot choose the job. In a business, we form the network with a boss to gain the trust of her. When a try and we are curious about the ins and outs of the business we will show that we are interested in the business. Therefore, when given the trust by the boss to meet with customers and distributors is where we try to create a network between our suppliers, distributors and customers. Sometimes up to a point we want to open one's own business, we're from the network.

                  

            It is beneficial to us in bringing our decentralized businesses to be more forward. However, the relationship or existing networks should be contained so that no misunderstanding or regard us as competitors. Therefore, a good relationship with existing networks vital to ensure smooth business dealings whether directly or indirectly. This network concept helps entrepreneurs build their reputation and credibility and thus give business a competitive edge. Normally, these entrepreneurs have friends and partners who are members of the network. And the larger the network size whether formal or informal, where entrepreneurs into the network to gain resources or eyeing business opportunities.

           The concept of entrepreneur networks are divided into three categories: private networks, public networks and business networks. These categories affect the performance and progress of a business.

2.3.1     The private network.

The private network is an informal network which involves direct contact between entrepreneurs with parties such as family, friends and parents. Personal relationships which form a strong bond to the first source for entrepreneurs to get various assistance in terms of capital, cooperation, labor and details, the important information in the business to strengthen business performance. The parties involved in the private network does not expect any return from their even help entrepreneurs and to help the sincere and honest and was happy with the success of a person in their field of work.

2.3.2     Public network.

Further, the public network is a public resource which entrepreneurs can use these resources for improve knowledge, get information about the business and as an intermediate in certain quarters. Public sources, including magazines, books, newspapers, television, radio, internet, and other materials that can be utilized by entrepreneurs for development in the business for improved business performance. The involvement of entrepreneurs in programs science and social cohesion also benefit the entrepreneurs such as sharing experience and knowledge, problem solving and establishing networks business.

2.3.3     Business networking.

Business networking known as formal network that is based relationships are generally related to business activities. For example the parties involved with this network is that customers, suppliers, banks, accountants, government, associations and professional bodies and business an others. Networked is an interdependent process whereby an interaction between at least two individuals.

            Overall, a business will always interact with the environment does not matter whether external or even internal environment. Network entrepreneurs and represents the foundation for the establishment of a business. Accordingly, every entrepreneur needs to identify opportunities and resources that is around. Entrepreneurs need to establish relationships with network members to promote themselves in a variety of receptions, social events and seminars as they may be exchanging their business cards and to create a wider network.

2.4         Observant

Observant is one of the essential needed to become a successful entrepreneur. To ensure the success in business, entrepreneurs must make an observations and alert about the surrounding factors. This element is very important and should be used in business strategy. Therefore, the observant absolutely indispensable in the business world.

           

A good observant, have the ability to exert influence around them. According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) their use of influence strategies in gaining the trust and confidence and to foster close relationships with all its stakeholders. Thus, the intelligence and efficiency of the network will be expanded when the effect of the strategy used. While using this strategies, an entrepreneurs can persuade and convince others without doing any fraud. Moreover, entrepreneurs are also using the strategy to get the right distribution, facilitating loan approval and get the business contracts.

           

In addition, in regard to external factors, most entrepreneurs are now taking initiatives such as social entrepreneurship. According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) social entrepreneurship is the entrepreneur contribution to social organizations or nonprofit organizations to deliver aid to people who are less fortunate. Therefore, in order to win the hearts of customers, entrepreneurs need to be aware of social responsibility to the people who are less fortunate. This is because, people are now looking at the social welfare needs to be implemented by the rich. Thus, for the purposes of social, entrepreneurs will take the opportunity to carry out beneficial activities and add value. The entrepreneurs who exist in communities, sometimes known as the entrepreneur community. For example, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al - Bukhary with the establishment of Yayasan Al – Bukhary (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010).

           

In conclusion, by being observant entrepreneurs they will be able to take factors in doing business around. Thus, the entrepreneur will always stay ahead of its competitors and at the same time can attract customer attention to choose, trust, and support their business.

2.5         Visionary

Each individual entrepreneur needs to have a vision. Vision represents the views or responses related to the advancement of the goals in the future. Thus, the visionary entrepreneur who has a goal to be achieved in business. Vision is a guide that sets a target to be achieved within a certain time period. The vision of a just and good must cover various aspects and should be clear. Therefore, it can be easier for entrepreneurs to achieve that goal. This is because, when it has a clear view of them just need to focus on a strategy for achieving that goal.

           

According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) the successful entrepreneur will design and manage the goals and vision of the business in line with the government's vision. Therefore, the entrepreneur should have a strategy to target that can be achieved in the future. Furthermore, the business has promulgated them, entrepreneurs have worked tirelessly to achieve the goals and vision. However, entrepreneurs make adequate research and ensure the efficiency of thought in the vision can be achieved. At the same time, the ability of the internal and external corners should be emphasized.

           

Now in the 21st century, entrepreneurs who have the vision to be recognized as a visionary (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010). He explained that the entrepreneur must have a roadmap to achieve the objectives set by. Plans are made not only limited in the short term but, for a long time. Vision owned allow entrepreneurs to make the best decision after considering the challenges and threats and opportunities that will be encountered.

           

Among the leaders who have the vision is Tan Sri Dato 'Loh Boon Siew. According to history, he was illiterate and cannot read. However, he did not interfere with the weakness as the biggest obstacle to success. With high vision he has created a great name in the world.

            In conclusion, after achieving the vision and goals according to what was planned, it will be considered a successful entrepreneur. Those who have a high desire to achieve the vision will always be ready for the challenge of trying to hinder their success. At the same time, the matter can benchmark their own performance level of success achieved. Therefore, for the next steps entrepreneurs are free to determine the level of effort and speed the realization of the next vision (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010).

2.6         Failure is an option

According to Rausand, M. (2005) a failure is the non-fulfillment of functional requirement.  To become a success entrepreneur surely they have to face the failure for many time. This is because, not all the step or strategy that we planned run smoothly.

           

As stated by Brunstein, J. C. and Gollwitzer, P. M. (1996) despite the failure will affect performance, but most of them stimulate the failures. Add them again, researchers have focused on the effects of the failure whereas some others have been concerned with its positive effects on performance. This shows, not only the failure does not have negative effect but there is goodness behind the failure.

           

Repeated failures will be able to give good expectations for the tasks ahead. In other words, failure to ripen us in making better decisions in the future. Failure faced at first, allow us to create a more orderly expectation that such failure will not be repeated. The effect of performance will always be enhanced from time to time.

           

In the world of entrepreneurs, the failure frequently encountered is the failure to manage cash flow. This happens because some entrepreneurs thinks, the money is profit gains as business owners where they are entitled to spend the money for whatever purpose, including things that are not profitable business.

Moreover, failure on ineffective marketing strategy. The strategy failed when treated products, or services performed could not attract customers. They were not even able to maintain existing customers. This is because customers are more interested in a competitor's marketing strategy is much more effective.

           

Based on the failure encountered, entrepreneurs should not be easily discouraged and should make it as motivation to succeed again. Thus the design of strategy, the entrepreneur must create a new and better approach. Failure facing can serve as a guide in setting the new strategy. Failure caused by the attitude of entrepreneurs themselves, should be amended. This is because the success of the strategy depends on the attitude of entrepreneurs themselves.           

In conclusion, the failure can be used as an option for an entrepreneur to get up again. Most successful entrepreneurs today are from those who have failed in the past. The success obtained by them today are in their efforts to rise again. For example, Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Group companies. He and his company had invested a lot of money in certain industries such as clothing, cosmetics and so on, but this business is not her benefit actually have suffered significant losses in business, but he still remains one of the richest men in the world.

2.7         Open Culture

To live in a society, culture is very important in determining such a distinction between racial diversity. With the development of our country's culture to be organized is running smoothly. Each culture has its own way of organizing every aspect of their lives. Aspects of culture led to progress in entrepreneurship that can be applied within an individual entrepreneur without understanding the injustice and confusion sesame them in racial diversity.

In business and trade that is done, the culture is very important and should be considered as values ​​and apprehension lead to local culture. Companies or entrepreneurs need to be aware and understand every sensitive issue because it is a very good continuity in defining the business processes they controlled and managed. Implementation of cultural values ​​leads to the lives of the people who produce the good planning and organizing themselves.

The basis for successful entrepreneurs is to practice with better social culture so culture is not misinterpreted and became an important factor in the relationship between the various races. Social culture also involves the entire overall pattern in the society and the establishment of a task that can be done as well as organizing system that exists.

In the entrepreneur, open culture involves much more productive in the business and trade has a positive impact on the entrepreneurs themselves. Stratification aspect of society leads to an important role in these entrepreneurs because even though they are of different ethnic groups and yet they are able to interact with each other without fighting and chaos. Therefore entrepreneurs are able to open their hearts to be open no matter always see different religions, occupations and educational attainment. This will educate entrepreneurs to be more mature in dealing with an organization.

In addition, entrepreneurs are able to explore the culture of this open attitude and values ​​of society or the customer in creating a system of relationships in business. Even though the open culture was not planned, it became a natural consequence of people coming together, being challenged by a grand vision, having several simultaneous tasks that needs attention and the organization being new and having no readymade 'system' in place (Mirza S . Saiyadain, 2003).

Overall, in the context of open culture, certain countries share the same stance in focusing on the business. Job roles, job satisfaction and the - the work related to everyday life have a major impact on the development of society and shaping the nation in cultural groups that share the same language. Therefore, entrepreneurs are always open-minded and open cultural practice nature in the course of their business.

2.8         Outcome Oriented

In developing entrepreneurs based on all aspects of self-improvement, the success of products and services produced and priorities within an organization, emphasis on results orientation is important in achieving high incomes and quality of work in an organization. This shows that every entrepreneur can give a positive approach in producing an effective outcome in life and the needs of their organization. According to Professor Edgar Schein (1980), what the culture of the organization is to solve the problem of the existence and power of customization group to integrate external business environment and internal processes to ensure that it continues to meet the needs and expectations of its customers (Asmah Abdullah, 2006). This means that the concept of culture is the concept of success in an organization's orientation and business results.

          

           In addition, the success of this outcome orientation gives priority in developing the perception of entrepreneurs to present themselves so that they are more interested in the business with revenues that grew up to contribute towards the national income. Entrepreneurs in assessing priorities will give an inspiration to other entrepreneurs in orientation results lead to big changes to the organization. This result oriented focus on the goal of a better place to take the success of the actual results. In reaching pattern of results orientation, entrepreneurs have bucked the trend in showing their quality of life with better shift to an outcome acceptable value.

In the meantime, entrepreneurs need to give priority to the task - the task to obtain good results by focusing on the result of the efforts and goals to be achieved. The results received were one aspect of a challenge for entrepreneurs to deepen and take risks when they start a business and make every effort to obtain good results. When the income is granted in line with the results released, entrepreneurs will not hesitate to issue and produce new and innovative products in a certain time.

Next, the results-oriented entrepreneurs who demonstrate behavioral aspects that leads to positive results in the business. Results behavior will be followed by other entrepreneurs in determining the organization and running of such individual behavior led to great success in a business. This is a great focus on business quality and confidence of an entrepreneur to expand the business field for direction to the international level. This is emphasized in terms of service to customers in good and transparent to yield positive results in the business. When there is a close relationship between entrepreneurs and customers, the process to increase the yield that would be achieved with ease and this effect leads to increased productivity of services and goods.

Conclusion, the entrepreneurs who have results-oriented spirit will bring great perspective on the underlying business thus striving to build confidence and experience to develop such an organization. According to Hoang and Antoncic (2003) showed view that the call for increased integration between process and outcome oriented research by exploring how concepts from one research stream can usefully extend theoretical models in the other. They argue that outcome-oriented research can become richer when combined with theoretical insights arising from research on network dynamics. Therefore, cooperation between members and the relationship between the customers also have a positive impact on the success in achieving the desired results. Result-oriented entrepreneur also makes it act professional in designing and modifying business processes towards the better.

2.9         Team Oriented

Entrepreneurship encompasses all aspects of development and changes to form an explored and develop the potential of the prospect of success of the endeavor. The effectiveness of the entrepreneur has improved the quality of service, business relationships with clients that could lead to the development process and career outcomes in their lives. Characteristic of successful entrepreneurs is that they can dive into the - the positive side of the business and entrepreneurial prospects. The most important feature in improving self-improvement is the spirit that has never faded in teams or groups, team-oriented spirit.

Team-oriented is one way to build self-potential entrepreneurs in improving confidence and ability in their life that they do not selfishness alone in venturing into business. What is important in this entrepreneur is not only because of the team spirit that advantage will belong together but the relationship between workers and employers in a particular area of ​​business will be intensified and the possibility this would offer many advantages in that company.

In the meantime, to work in teams individual attitude to work is very important to a good relationship happens if the attitudes of an entrepreneur is not selfish, greedy and do the work individually. This team oriented shows that they not only think it is a business for yourself but also others, including in decision-making by the business sector. What is emphasized in this aspect is very important and everyone has a contributory factor neither energy, capital, business, mind and the like in the operation of a business and how to make decisions. Each individual entrepreneur is an individual who is superior and equally because no one is more or less in receiving any benefits and advantages as team-oriented spirit of this leads to the concept of strong relationships with each other.

In addition, the orientation of the entrepreneur's team emphasizes the spirit of cooperation in a team, regardless of rank, age, ethnicity and skin color as each individual is born to contribute actively in community life. Therefore, everyone in a major entrepreneur and works in a business and can work with experts-other experts in carrying out a project or a business without engaging in person only. Being a successful entrepreneur and team-oriented work environment becomes very difficult because everyone wants to treat its ideas - ideas such as individuals and they want to show their skills to another group of entrepreneurs. But the thought is contrary to the spirit of this team-oriented as in cooperation with concepts or ideas can be generated by systematic and efficient.

Eager to work in a team is most effective when all individuals involved and contribute to achieving the same goal. When individuals work in a team it would lead to an effective success in the production of goods and services for quality and innovation. The attitude of cooperation practiced in these entrepreneurs will form the behavior and character of a person to accept the views of others are open. When entrepreneurs are in the orientation of their team can design and form at the public to facilitate a job and ultimately lead to innovative and creative success. Entrepreneurs team player who is very widely accepted in society and lead to effective communication network to change environment in business.

According Dulebohn and Martocchio (1998) states that when implementing team-based reward systems, managers must be aware of equity within the system. For effective plans such as this, team members should understand how team rewards are established and how performance and accountability will be evaluated as a unit. A failure to communicate this information could lead to a failed reward system and can defeat the intent of group effectiveness (Walden, M., & Thomas, P., 2007). Therefore, an effective reward will demonstrate teamwork is essential in creating success and success in a business that is fair and well organized.

In conclusion, the team orientation is one of the characteristics that lead to success in business to the entrepreneur - the entrepreneur. Deepen the spirit of team-oriented, entrepreneurs need to be smart in dealing with any problems that occur in their environment with others that this team-oriented spirit can be built and maintained in a entrepreneur to manage an organization.

3.0         BIOGRAPHIES OF ENTREPRENEURS

Biography of Robert Kuok

Since 2002, Robert Kuok has been the richest man in South East work as sugar business. At the beginning of the 20^th century. Kuok’s father arrived in Malaya from Fujian, China. In Kuok’s family, Robert was the youngest of three brothers born in Johor Baharu on 6 October 1923. Kuok fluent very well in English, Chinese Fuzhou dialect from his parents and also Japanese during Japan’s wartime occupation of Malaya. In 1942 and 1945, in Singapore, upon graduation, he worked in department of Japanese industrial conglomerate Mitsubishi Shoji Khaisha. He took the skills and learned from Japanese back to Johor do the family’s business after the war. In 1949, Kuok and his two brothers and a cousin Kuok Hock Chin founded kuok brothers Sdn Bhd in trading agricultural commodities after Kuok senior died in 1948. Kuok buying cheap sugar from India before the prices shot up by a coup in 1961. Kuok invest heavily in sugar refineries by controlled 80% of Malaysian sugar market with production of 1.5 million tonnes. He also equivalent to 10% of world production and so forth got so earned his nickname “Sugar King of Asia”.

Kuok built the first Shangri-La Hotel, in Singapore, in 1971 and in 1977, his first forey into Hong Kong property. He built the second hotel when he acquired a plot of land on the newly reclaimed Tsim Sha Tsui East waterfront known as the Kowloon Shangri-La. Kuok Kerry Group acquired a 34.9% from Murdoch’s News Corporation of stake in the South China Morning Post. His businesses in China include 10 bottling companies for Coca Cola and ownership of the Beijing World Trade Centre and the other hand, Kuok’s companies have investments in many countries, including Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Fiji and a few others countries. PBB Group under the flagship of Robert Kuok issued a statement of the Bursa Malaysia in 31 October 2009. Kuok decided to dispose of its sugar units along with land used to cultivate sugar cane to FELDA as much as RM 1.29 billion. The sugar unit and sugar cane plantation were the second largest business segment upon its grain and feed which were topping the sales meanwhile, the sales resulted in a one-off gain for the company. Last but not least, Kuok’s Singapore-based oil serviced company PACC Offshore Services Holding (POSH) started pre-IPO talks with investors to list on the Singapore Stock Exchange to raise RM 4 thousand billion in February 2014.

PROACTIVE

Successful entrepreneurs should have a feature proactive and effective. This characteristic is a smart entrepreneur business opportunities. Every entrepreneur should have a proactive attitude to forge ahead in the business. According to the Sunday Times newspaper dated November 9, 2014, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak said, "With our proactive use common sense to develop competitiveness, we do not quickly give up and must be the generation that dared to face the challenge,''. This generation must make everything aspired to become a reality with bold experiment and use common sense to develop the competitiveness of yourself.

Tan Sri Robert Kuok also has a proactive, which has been involved in various business activities such as the well-known manufacturers of consumer products, namely sugar and he was nicknamed "Sugar King". In addition, he was also directly involved in the field of transport. According to the online newspaper Utusan Malaysia also tan Sri Robert Kuok Nien also businesses such as real estate, oil, sugar and Hospitality thus retained the top spot for the 10th year in a row. In addition, Tan Sri Robert Kuok known for having many branches of world-class hotels located in all corners of the world, namely Hotel Shangri-La. Among countries that operate as a chain of Resorts and Resort Hotel is that urban cities such as Tokyo, Dubai, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Vancouver and Paris.

In addition, Tan Sri Robert Kuok also said in the interview is 90% of the effort and hard work as research on the production, transmission problems, consumer problems and so on. For example, the delivery takes 5 to 6 weeks, but when the country is in a situation of shortage of sugar, then they cannot wait in a long time. This will cause customers to look for other initiatives and in the meantime also competitors will seize the opportunity. Therefore, Tan Sri Robert Kuok has its proactive with solutions to respond quickly to problems.

RISKS OPEN TAKER

Risk can be defined as the likelihood that a person will face a number of situations, such as loss, fires, accidents and damage. Willing to risk open one feature ape entrepreneurs in business there are many situations involving risk. The risk can cause a person or a business loss. But as an entrepreneur is effective, they should be able to change the risk or loss to the circumstances leading to profitability. Hence an entrepreneur should first assess themselves whether they have the courage to face the risk of becoming an entrepreneur.

Robert Kuok risk-taking opens with open sugar refinery despite the various opposition. In his view, the food industry is especially important in consumer goods such as sugar. In addition, he also took a risk by buying 200,000 tonnes of sugar with his expectations that the price of sugar will rise, but he missed expectations and sugar markets not only have inflation even experience a sharp decline in prices. Therefore, businesses Tan Sri Robert Kuok losses and almost also facing bankruptcy. However, business was saved due to the hurricanes in Brazil and the disaster has caused an increase in the price of sugar because sugar cane plantations in Brazil suffered a loss. Lastly, he stood by the decision to open a sugar refinery with Malayan Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd.

OPEN CULTURE

Open culture is the concept of open knowledge widely disseminated. It involves the development, enrich the work already existing on the basis of partnership and cooperation without the involvement of any applicable law. Open culture are the necessary qualities in an entrepreneur and he was able to create, maintain dang develop ideas, inspiration and talent person. By creating an open culture, we will be more flexible and decentralized businesses to compete with existing market or a new market.

For example Tan Sri Robert Kuok Nien has its open culture and apply it in his business. His attitude was very conscientious, ambitious, speech soft, polite, orderly, and most importantly he approachable. Therefore, he has a workforce of honest and loyal.

In addition, features an open culture that existed at the Tan Sri Robert Kuok is expanding its business of sugar refining company into the field of hospitality and tourism because he believes that the tourism industry in China will grow rapidly because there are many historical places.

VISIONARY

One of the best characteristics that has in this entrepreneur is Robert Kuok is a visionary person. According to the Visionary Business book (1995) by Marc Allen, visionary is someone has first clearly imagined the development and growth of that business, far before that growth occurred in physical reality. After independence, he has established a Malaysia Sugar Manufacturing Company in 1958. He also had foresight to set up a sugar factory, the first in Malaysia to gain monopoly power of government. Moreover, he also opened the country’s first sugar cane fields, Perlis plantation or government-owned land with the help of FELDA. Robert Kuok also thinking about expanding business overseas sugar and 1970s his farm expanded to Indonesia, making his one of the major sugar merchants worldwide. Besides that, he also expanded his business empire to other fields suh as shipping, aviation, establishment of the bank, hospitality, and also to the field of media and real estate. Robert Kuok is a very visionary in his business and he always foresight in working on it.

NETWORKED

Next, Robert Kuok is a entrepreneur who has networking with others people in his business from the first his starting to expand the business. According to the Ivan Misner (2012), he said that networking is compiling a bigger database of names and usually by collecting business cards. Robert Kuok showed that he is a networking entrepreneur in his empire business. This can be seen in ever business that he do have contact with outsiders. For example, Robert Kuok has nurtured close ties to emulate his father by the Sultan Johor. This attributed when his father had been formed Tong Seng & Company in Johor after obtaining the license in from the Sultan Johor. He has been managing the company Tong Seng as a famous in the field of distribution of rice, sugar and flour as well as general trading and cold items. Then, he was given a contract to supply materials for some 50, 000 Japanese prisoners of wa in Johor when the war ended. Besides that, Robert Kuok also has a joint venture with Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Ltd. and Nissin Sugar Manufacturing Malaysia when setting up the Sugar Manufacturing Company in 1958. He also had help from FELDA to open the Perlis Plantation and set the cooperation of authorities such as the Armed Forced Fund Board and Amanah Saham Nasional, which maintains the highest level of government. He also foster good relations with Asia Chinese businessmen such as Lim Siue Liong, Li Ka Shing, Tan Sri Khoo Kay Peng, Datuk Tan Chin Nam, Run Run Shaw, Tt Tsui, Roberto Ongpin and Chatri Sophonpanieh in what is said “Bamboo Network”

4.0         CONCLUSION

In conclusion, entrepreneurs are individuals with special features that differentiate them from other individuals. Entrepreneurs are the driving force and catalyst for the economy countries. Forward and backward economy of a country is depends on a dynamic entrepreneur and visionary. They are a unique individual and different from ordinary people. A country will not achieve the status of developed countries if not has a successful entrepreneur and highly competitive. Therefore, entrepreneurs who become the backbone and driving force of the higher economy.

The country needs to produce more entrepreneurs to form a developed country. Successful entrepreneurs have to face all the risks that exist and has critical thinking in order to form a useful and quality product. Each individually will have a chance to succeed as an entrepreneur because of the characteristics of entrepreneurship that exists on most entrepreneurs are not born naturally, but due to factors such as an outstanding initiative and higher success and confidence in their own ability to become so powerful on stage world. Revenue entrepreneurs gives prosperity to the people around the world. This is because entrepreneurs are the driving forces that create, initialize and constantly strive to expand a business.