1.0 INTRODUCTION
The
word entrepreneur in English derives from the French "entrepreneur"
which means to the task or experiment. Since the beginning of the use of the
word "entrepreneur" in 1775, an apparent reference to the activities
of the business. In the 1970s the word entrepreneur was originally popular
among Malaysians. After 1969, the word entrepreneur began appearing in the
formulation and implementation of the New Economic Policy (Rosli Mahmood et
al., 2010).
According
to Rosli Mahmood et al., In 2010 the entrepreneur is defined as a person who
operates a business until they success with the motive in gaining profit and
practice good strategies to succeed. Webster's New World Dictionary states, the
entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages the acquisition, assuming
the risk for the sake of profit. The definition is further elaborated by Hull,
Bosley and Udel (1980), by calling on individuals who buy or inherit an
existing business with the intention and efforts to expand it. Thus, Meredith, Nelson
and Neck (1982) suggest that the entrepreneur is a person who is able to see
and evaluate the opportunities to combine business and resource requirements
for appropriate opportunities to become successfull. Overall, entrepreneur
takes a definition and a very widespread (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010).
A
country would have difficulty in achieving a developed nation status without a
successful entrepreneur and competitive. This is because, they are the backbone
and driving force of the economy. Thus, according to Rosli Mahmood et al., in
2010 entrepreneurs are the driving force and catalyst for the national economy.
In
conclusion, the entrepreneur is an individual who is dynamic and always ready
to confront the challenges of pursuing success. Thus, with the good property
which is owned by entrepreneurs, they need to seize the opportunity and ready
to face the challenges.
2.0
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURS
Successful entrepreneurs need
to have a feature that shows the
entrepreneur's entrepreneur can take business
to the world
2.1
Proactive
Someone who has had a vision of a
proactive attitude in the future, look to the future with optimism, always active
and thinking about what they can do to improve the quality of life. A person who has
committed a proactive attitude to driving force in
their own lives. Those who have
a proactive attitude to be able to take the right decisions even in bad situations. They should be more focus
on what they do next
is responsible for its own decisions.
Become a successful entrepreneur
should have a proactive attitude that is acting to do any work without being
ordered and are initiative. Therefore, an individual who is proactive need to
know the circumstances surrounding the organization. A more proactive attitude
that positive thinking to devise and oversee the action taken far earlier than
expected will happen.
An entrepreneur must identify the
causes of problems and take early action to prevent the problem or make it not
arise. If there are problems that arise, at least in existing inventories and
the problem can be dealt with effectively and quickly.
For example as an executive was
asked to prepare a report. However, he not only prepared his report even be
making initial preparations for what will be questioned by its chairman. So if
there are questions raised, he can explain it spontaneously it will give more
confidence and trust by its chairman.
An entrepreneur has a positive
self-concept by thinking positively. Entrepreneurs will be able to see a
problem as an opportunity than those who consider as a matter of chance.
Therefore, entrepreneurs need to find a solution to the problem would provide
an opportunity for the organization.
2.2
Open risk taker
The next feature is the entrepreneurs to take risks. To
become a successful entrepreneur and successful, do not be afraid of failure
and try to be brave and face the risk of open-mindedness. The distinguishing
factor between the entrepreneurs and ordinary people is that in terms of risk
appetite, entrepreneurs often more willing to take risks.
An entrepreneur must make judgments,
and consideration of risk. This is because of the risk created will ensure safe.
Open returns an entrepreneur is a risk taker who likes to challenge. In
business management, an entrepreneur it is those who love chasing risk.
Entrepreneurs will choose a moderate risk. Entrepreneurs do not take risks
blindly. Everything that will be faced them took into account all aspects.
Entrepreneurs are considered as a high risk within the organization. An
entrepreneur not a gambler as it says in the myth of entrepreneurship. Instead
they are a forced to be based on business risk.
Consequently, the entrepreneur will
see risk as an opportunity and an advantage for successful business.
Entrepreneurs difficult to reveal word "no" if
they are not satisfied and successful in achieving the goal. Any risks should
be evaluated carefully because with a higher risk of the higher yields
obtained. There are several types of risk, namely the risk of physical, career
risk, financial risk, the risk of family and social life.
2.3
Networked
Features entrepreneurs who in turn is every entrepreneur
should discard tissue with outsiders. Networking is a relationship established
and maintained by an entrepreneur with a man either within the organization or
outside the organization for mutual benefit. In business, entrepreneurs need to
have a wide network of relationships or with outside parties or the business
environment to expand markets and develop existing businesses. Thereby, the
various concepts instilled in the attitude of entrepreneurs to create networks.
Accordingly, various benefits can be obtained for each network formed by
entrepreneurs have talents in addition to the agenda that can bring business to
the world.
For
example, an entrepreneur who wants to open his own business before he has to
work with others for the experience. To be an entrepreneur, we cannot choose
the job. In a business, we form the network with a boss to gain the trust of
her. When a try and we are curious about the ins and outs of the business we
will show that we are interested in the business. Therefore, when given the
trust by the boss to meet with customers and distributors is where we try to
create a network between our suppliers, distributors and customers. Sometimes
up to a point we want to open one's own business, we're from the network.
It is beneficial to us in bringing our
decentralized businesses to be more forward. However, the relationship or
existing networks should be contained so that no misunderstanding or regard us
as competitors. Therefore, a good relationship with existing networks vital to
ensure smooth business dealings whether directly or indirectly. This network
concept helps entrepreneurs build their reputation and credibility and thus
give business a competitive edge. Normally, these entrepreneurs have friends
and partners who are members of the network. And the larger the network size
whether formal or informal, where entrepreneurs into the network to gain
resources or eyeing business opportunities.
The concept of entrepreneur networks
are divided into three categories: private networks, public networks and
business networks. These categories affect the performance and progress of a
business.
2.3.1 The private network.
The private network is an informal network which involves
direct contact between entrepreneurs with parties such as family, friends and parents.
Personal relationships which form a strong bond to the first source for
entrepreneurs to get various assistance in terms of capital, cooperation, labor
and details, the important information in the business to strengthen business
performance. The parties involved in the private network does not expect any
return from their even help entrepreneurs and to help the sincere and honest
and was happy with the success of a person in their field of work.
2.3.2 Public network.
Further, the public network is a public resource which
entrepreneurs can use these resources for improve knowledge, get information
about the business and as an intermediate in certain quarters. Public sources,
including magazines, books, newspapers, television, radio, internet, and other
materials that can be utilized by entrepreneurs for development in the business
for improved business performance. The involvement of entrepreneurs in programs
science and social cohesion also benefit the entrepreneurs such as sharing
experience and knowledge, problem solving and establishing networks business.
2.3.3 Business networking.
Business networking known as formal network that is based
relationships are generally related to business activities. For example the
parties involved with this network is that customers, suppliers, banks,
accountants, government, associations and professional bodies and business an
others. Networked is an interdependent process whereby an interaction between at
least two individuals.
Overall, a business will always interact
with the environment does not matter whether external or even internal
environment. Network entrepreneurs and represents the foundation for the
establishment of a business. Accordingly, every entrepreneur needs to identify
opportunities and resources that is around. Entrepreneurs need to establish
relationships with network members to promote themselves in a variety of
receptions, social events and seminars as they may be exchanging their business
cards and to create a wider network.
2.4
Observant
Observant
is one of the essential needed to become a successful entrepreneur. To ensure
the success in business, entrepreneurs must make an observations and alert
about the surrounding factors. This element is very important and should be
used in business strategy. Therefore, the observant absolutely indispensable in
the business world.
A good observant, have the ability to exert influence
around them. According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) their use of influence
strategies in gaining the trust and confidence and to foster close
relationships with all its stakeholders. Thus, the intelligence and efficiency
of the network will be expanded when the effect of the strategy used. While
using this strategies, an entrepreneurs can persuade and convince others
without doing any fraud. Moreover, entrepreneurs are also using the strategy to
get the right distribution, facilitating loan approval and get the business
contracts.
In addition, in regard to external factors, most
entrepreneurs are now taking initiatives such as social entrepreneurship.
According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) social entrepreneurship is the
entrepreneur contribution to social organizations or nonprofit organizations to
deliver aid to people who are less fortunate. Therefore, in order to win the
hearts of customers, entrepreneurs need to be aware of social responsibility to
the people who are less fortunate. This is because, people are now looking at
the social welfare needs to be implemented by the rich. Thus, for the purposes
of social, entrepreneurs will take the opportunity to carry out beneficial
activities and add value. The entrepreneurs who exist in communities, sometimes
known as the entrepreneur community. For example, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al -
Bukhary with the establishment of Yayasan Al – Bukhary (Rosli Mahmood et al.,
2010).
In conclusion, by being observant entrepreneurs they will
be able to take factors in doing business around. Thus, the entrepreneur will
always stay ahead of its competitors and at the same time can attract customer
attention to choose, trust, and support their business.
2.5
Visionary
Each
individual entrepreneur needs to have a vision. Vision represents the views or
responses related to the advancement of the goals in the future. Thus, the
visionary entrepreneur who has a goal to be achieved in business. Vision is a
guide that sets a target to be achieved within a certain time period. The
vision of a just and good must cover various aspects and should be clear. Therefore,
it can be easier for entrepreneurs to achieve that goal. This is because, when
it has a clear view of them just need to focus on a strategy for achieving that
goal.
According to Rosli Mahmood et al. (2010) the successful
entrepreneur will design and manage the goals and vision of the business in
line with the government's vision. Therefore, the entrepreneur should have a
strategy to target that can be achieved in the future. Furthermore, the
business has promulgated them, entrepreneurs have worked tirelessly to achieve
the goals and vision. However, entrepreneurs make adequate research and ensure
the efficiency of thought in the vision can be achieved. At the same time, the
ability of the internal and external corners should be emphasized.
Now in the 21st century, entrepreneurs who have the vision
to be recognized as a visionary (Rosli Mahmood et al., 2010). He explained that
the entrepreneur must have a roadmap to achieve the objectives set by. Plans
are made not only limited in the short term but, for a long time. Vision owned
allow entrepreneurs to make the best decision after considering the challenges
and threats and opportunities that will be encountered.
Among the leaders who have the vision is Tan Sri Dato 'Loh
Boon Siew. According to history, he was illiterate and cannot read. However, he
did not interfere with the weakness as the biggest obstacle to success. With
high vision he has created a great name in the world.
In conclusion, after achieving the
vision and goals according to what was planned, it will be considered a
successful entrepreneur. Those who have a high desire to achieve the vision
will always be ready for the challenge of trying to hinder their success. At
the same time, the matter can benchmark their own performance level of success
achieved. Therefore, for the next steps entrepreneurs are free to determine the
level of effort and speed the realization of the next vision (Rosli Mahmood et
al., 2010).
2.6
Failure
is an option
According
to Rausand, M. (2005) a failure is the non-fulfillment of functional
requirement. To become a success entrepreneur
surely they have to face the failure for many time. This is because, not all
the step or strategy that we planned run smoothly.
As stated by Brunstein, J. C. and Gollwitzer, P. M. (1996)
despite the failure will affect performance, but most of them stimulate the
failures. Add them again, researchers have focused on the effects of the
failure whereas some others have been concerned with its positive effects on
performance. This shows, not only the failure does not have negative effect but
there is goodness behind the failure.
Repeated failures will be able to give good expectations
for the tasks ahead. In other words, failure to ripen us in making better
decisions in the future. Failure faced at first, allow us to create a more
orderly expectation that such failure will not be repeated. The effect of
performance will always be enhanced from time to time.
In the world of entrepreneurs, the failure frequently
encountered is the failure to manage cash flow. This happens because some
entrepreneurs thinks, the money is profit gains as business owners where they
are entitled to spend the money for whatever purpose, including things that are
not profitable business.
Moreover, failure on ineffective marketing strategy. The
strategy failed when treated products, or services performed could not attract
customers. They were not even able to maintain existing customers. This is
because customers are more interested in a competitor's marketing strategy is
much more effective.
Based on the failure encountered, entrepreneurs should not
be easily discouraged and should make it as motivation to succeed again. Thus
the design of strategy, the entrepreneur must create a new and better approach.
Failure facing can serve as a guide in setting the new strategy. Failure caused
by the attitude of entrepreneurs themselves, should be amended. This is because
the success of the strategy depends on the attitude of entrepreneurs themselves.
In conclusion, the failure can be used as an option for an
entrepreneur to get up again. Most successful entrepreneurs today are from
those who have failed in the past. The success obtained by them today are in
their efforts to rise again. For example, Richard Branson, founder of Virgin
Group companies. He and his company had invested a lot of money in certain
industries such as clothing, cosmetics and so on, but this business is not her
benefit actually have suffered significant losses in business, but he still
remains one of the richest men in the world.
2.7
Open
Culture
To
live in a society, culture is very important in determining such a distinction
between racial diversity. With the development of our country's culture to be
organized is running smoothly. Each culture has its own way of organizing every
aspect of their lives. Aspects of culture led to progress in entrepreneurship
that can be applied within an individual entrepreneur without understanding the
injustice and confusion sesame them in racial diversity.
In business and trade that is done, the culture is very
important and should be considered as values and apprehension lead to local
culture. Companies or entrepreneurs need to be aware and understand every
sensitive issue because it is a very good continuity in defining the business
processes they controlled and managed. Implementation of cultural values
leads to the lives of the people who produce the good planning and organizing
themselves.
The basis for successful entrepreneurs is to practice with
better social culture so culture is not misinterpreted and became an important
factor in the relationship between the various races. Social culture also
involves the entire overall pattern in the society and the establishment of a task
that can be done as well as organizing system that exists.
In the entrepreneur, open culture involves much more
productive in the business and trade has a positive impact on the entrepreneurs
themselves. Stratification aspect of society leads to an important role in
these entrepreneurs because even though they are of different ethnic groups and
yet they are able to interact with each other without fighting and chaos.
Therefore entrepreneurs are able to open their hearts to be open no matter
always see different religions, occupations and educational attainment. This
will educate entrepreneurs to be more mature in dealing with an organization.
In addition, entrepreneurs are able to explore the culture
of this open attitude and values of society or the customer in creating a
system of relationships in business. Even though the open culture was not
planned, it became a natural consequence of people coming together, being
challenged by a grand vision, having several simultaneous tasks that needs
attention and the organization being new and having no readymade 'system' in
place (Mirza S . Saiyadain, 2003).
Overall, in the context of open culture, certain countries
share the same stance in focusing on the business. Job roles, job satisfaction
and the - the work related to everyday life have a major impact on the
development of society and shaping the nation in cultural groups that share the
same language. Therefore, entrepreneurs are always open-minded and open
cultural practice nature in the course of their business.
2.8
Outcome
Oriented
In
developing entrepreneurs based on all aspects of self-improvement, the success
of products and services produced and priorities within an organization,
emphasis on results orientation is important in achieving high incomes and
quality of work in an organization. This shows that every entrepreneur can give
a positive approach in producing an effective outcome in life and the needs of
their organization. According to Professor Edgar Schein (1980), what the
culture of the organization is to solve the problem of the existence and power
of customization group to integrate external business environment and internal
processes to ensure that it continues to meet the needs and expectations of its
customers (Asmah Abdullah, 2006). This means that the concept of culture is the
concept of success in an organization's orientation and business results.
In addition, the success of
this outcome orientation gives priority in developing the perception of
entrepreneurs to present themselves so that they are more interested in the
business with revenues that grew up to contribute towards the national income.
Entrepreneurs in assessing priorities will give an inspiration to other
entrepreneurs in orientation results lead to big changes to the organization.
This result oriented focus on the goal of a better place to take the success of
the actual results. In reaching pattern of results orientation, entrepreneurs
have bucked the trend in showing their quality of life with better shift to an
outcome acceptable value.
In the meantime, entrepreneurs need to give priority to the
task - the task to obtain good results by focusing on the result of the efforts
and goals to be achieved. The results received were one aspect of a challenge
for entrepreneurs to deepen and take risks when they start a business and make
every effort to obtain good results. When the income is granted in line with
the results released, entrepreneurs will not hesitate to issue and produce new
and innovative products in a certain time.
Next, the results-oriented entrepreneurs who demonstrate
behavioral aspects that leads to positive results in the business. Results
behavior will be followed by other entrepreneurs in determining the
organization and running of such individual behavior led to great success in a
business. This is a great focus on business quality and confidence of an
entrepreneur to expand the business field for direction to the international
level. This is emphasized in terms of service to customers in good and
transparent to yield positive results in the business. When there is a close
relationship between entrepreneurs and customers, the process to increase the
yield that would be achieved with ease and this effect leads to increased productivity
of services and goods.
Conclusion, the entrepreneurs who have results-oriented
spirit will bring great perspective on the underlying business thus striving to
build confidence and experience to develop such an organization. According to
Hoang and Antoncic (2003) showed view that the call for increased integration
between process and outcome oriented research by exploring how concepts from
one research stream can usefully extend theoretical models in the other. They
argue that outcome-oriented research can become richer when combined with
theoretical insights arising from research on network dynamics. Therefore,
cooperation between members and the relationship between the customers also
have a positive impact on the success in achieving the desired results.
Result-oriented entrepreneur also makes it act professional in designing and
modifying business processes towards the better.
2.9
Team
Oriented
Entrepreneurship
encompasses all aspects of development and changes to form an explored and
develop the potential of the prospect of success of the endeavor. The
effectiveness of the entrepreneur has improved the quality of service, business
relationships with clients that could lead to the development process and
career outcomes in their lives. Characteristic of successful entrepreneurs is
that they can dive into the - the positive side of the business and
entrepreneurial prospects. The most important feature in improving
self-improvement is the spirit that has never faded in teams or groups,
team-oriented spirit.
Team-oriented is one way to build self-potential
entrepreneurs in improving confidence and ability in their life that they do
not selfishness alone in venturing into business. What is important in this
entrepreneur is not only because of the team spirit that advantage will belong
together but the relationship between workers and employers in a particular
area of business will be intensified and the possibility this would offer
many advantages in that company.
In the meantime, to work in teams individual attitude to
work is very important to a good relationship happens if the attitudes of an
entrepreneur is not selfish, greedy and do the work individually. This team
oriented shows that they not only think it is a business for yourself but also
others, including in decision-making by the business sector. What is emphasized
in this aspect is very important and everyone has a contributory factor neither
energy, capital, business, mind and the like in the operation of a business and
how to make decisions. Each individual entrepreneur is an individual who is
superior and equally because no one is more or less in receiving any benefits
and advantages as team-oriented spirit of this leads to the concept of strong
relationships with each other.
In addition, the orientation of the entrepreneur's team
emphasizes the spirit of cooperation in a team, regardless of rank, age,
ethnicity and skin color as each individual is born to contribute actively in
community life. Therefore, everyone in a major entrepreneur and works in a
business and can work with experts-other experts in carrying out a project or a
business without engaging in person only. Being a successful entrepreneur and
team-oriented work environment becomes very difficult because everyone wants to
treat its ideas - ideas such as individuals and they want to show their skills
to another group of entrepreneurs. But the thought is contrary to the spirit of
this team-oriented as in cooperation with concepts or ideas can be generated by
systematic and efficient.
Eager to work in a team is most effective when all
individuals involved and contribute to achieving the same goal. When
individuals work in a team it would lead to an effective success in the
production of goods and services for quality and innovation. The attitude of
cooperation practiced in these entrepreneurs will form the behavior and
character of a person to accept the views of others are open. When
entrepreneurs are in the orientation of their team can design and form at the
public to facilitate a job and ultimately lead to innovative and creative
success. Entrepreneurs team player who is very widely accepted in society and
lead to effective communication network to change environment in business.
According Dulebohn and Martocchio (1998) states that when
implementing team-based reward systems, managers must be aware of equity within
the system. For effective plans such as this, team members should understand
how team rewards are established and how performance and accountability will be
evaluated as a unit. A failure to communicate this information could lead to a
failed reward system and can defeat the intent of group effectiveness (Walden,
M., & Thomas, P., 2007). Therefore, an effective reward will demonstrate
teamwork is essential in creating success and success in a business that is
fair and well organized.
In conclusion, the team orientation is one of the
characteristics that lead to success in business to the entrepreneur - the
entrepreneur. Deepen the spirit of team-oriented, entrepreneurs need to be
smart in dealing with any problems that occur in their environment with others
that this team-oriented spirit can be built and maintained in a entrepreneur to
manage an organization.
3.0 BIOGRAPHIES OF ENTREPRENEURS
Biography of Robert Kuok
Since 2002, Robert Kuok has
been the richest man in South East work as sugar business. At the beginning of
the 20th century. Kuok’s father arrived in Malaya from Fujian,
China. In Kuok’s family, Robert was the youngest of three brothers born in
Johor Baharu on 6 October 1923. Kuok fluent very well in English, Chinese
Fuzhou dialect from his parents and also Japanese during Japan’s wartime
occupation of Malaya. In 1942 and 1945, in Singapore, upon graduation, he
worked in department of Japanese industrial conglomerate Mitsubishi Shoji
Khaisha. He took the skills and learned from Japanese back to Johor do the
family’s business after the war. In 1949, Kuok and his two brothers and a
cousin Kuok Hock Chin founded kuok
brothers Sdn Bhd in trading agricultural commodities after Kuok senior died
in 1948. Kuok buying cheap sugar from India before the prices shot up by a coup
in 1961. Kuok invest heavily in sugar refineries by controlled 80% of Malaysian
sugar market with production of 1.5 million tonnes. He also equivalent to 10%
of world production and so forth got so earned his nickname “Sugar King of
Asia”.
Kuok
built the first Shangri-La Hotel, in Singapore, in 1971 and in 1977, his first
forey into Hong Kong property. He built the second hotel when he acquired a
plot of land on the newly reclaimed Tsim Sha Tsui East waterfront known as the
Kowloon Shangri-La. Kuok Kerry Group acquired a 34.9% from Murdoch’s News
Corporation of stake in the South China Morning Post. His businesses in China
include 10 bottling companies for Coca Cola and ownership of the Beijing World
Trade Centre and the other hand, Kuok’s companies have investments in many
countries, including Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Fiji and a few others
countries. PBB Group under the flagship of Robert Kuok issued a statement of
the Bursa Malaysia in 31 October 2009. Kuok decided to dispose of its sugar
units along with land used to cultivate sugar cane to FELDA as much as RM 1.29
billion. The sugar unit and sugar cane plantation were the second largest
business segment upon its grain and feed which were topping the sales
meanwhile, the sales resulted in a one-off gain for the company. Last but not
least, Kuok’s Singapore-based oil serviced company PACC Offshore Services
Holding (POSH) started pre-IPO talks with investors to list on the Singapore
Stock Exchange to raise RM 4 thousand billion in February 2014.
PROACTIVE
Successful entrepreneurs
should have a feature proactive and effective. This characteristic is a smart
entrepreneur business opportunities. Every entrepreneur should have a proactive
attitude to forge ahead in the business. According to the Sunday Times
newspaper dated November 9, 2014, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri
Najib Tun Razak said, "With our proactive use common sense to develop
competitiveness, we do not quickly give up and must be the generation that
dared to face the challenge,''. This generation must make everything aspired to
become a reality with bold experiment and use common sense to develop the
competitiveness of yourself.
Tan
Sri Robert Kuok also has a proactive, which has been involved in various
business activities such as the well-known manufacturers of consumer products,
namely sugar and he was nicknamed "Sugar King". In addition, he was
also directly involved in the field of transport. According to the online
newspaper Utusan Malaysia also tan Sri Robert Kuok Nien also businesses such as
real estate, oil, sugar and Hospitality thus retained the top spot for the 10th
year in a row. In addition, Tan Sri Robert Kuok known for having many branches
of world-class hotels located in all corners of the world, namely Hotel
Shangri-La. Among countries that operate as a chain of Resorts and Resort Hotel
is that urban cities such as Tokyo, Dubai, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Vancouver and
Paris.
In
addition, Tan Sri Robert Kuok also said in the interview is 90% of the effort
and hard work as research on the production, transmission problems, consumer
problems and so on. For example, the delivery takes 5 to 6 weeks, but when the
country is in a situation of shortage of sugar, then they cannot wait in a long
time. This will cause customers to look for other initiatives and in the
meantime also competitors will seize the opportunity. Therefore, Tan Sri Robert
Kuok has its proactive with solutions to respond quickly to problems.
RISKS OPEN TAKER
Risk can be defined as the
likelihood that a person will face a number of situations, such as loss, fires,
accidents and damage. Willing to risk open one feature ape entrepreneurs in
business there are many situations involving risk. The risk can cause a person
or a business loss. But as an entrepreneur is effective, they should be able to
change the risk or loss to the circumstances leading to profitability. Hence an
entrepreneur should first assess themselves whether they have the courage to face
the risk of becoming an entrepreneur.
Robert
Kuok risk-taking opens with open sugar refinery despite the various opposition.
In his view, the food industry is especially important in consumer goods such
as sugar. In addition, he also took a risk by buying 200,000 tonnes of sugar
with his expectations that the price of sugar will rise, but he missed
expectations and sugar markets not only have inflation even experience a sharp
decline in prices. Therefore, businesses Tan Sri Robert Kuok losses and almost
also facing bankruptcy. However, business was saved due to the hurricanes in
Brazil and the disaster has caused an increase in the price of sugar because
sugar cane plantations in Brazil suffered a loss. Lastly, he stood by the
decision to open a sugar refinery with Malayan Sugar Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
OPEN CULTURE
Open culture is the concept of
open knowledge widely disseminated. It involves the development, enrich the
work already existing on the basis of partnership and cooperation without the
involvement of any applicable law. Open culture are the necessary qualities in
an entrepreneur and he was able to create, maintain dang develop ideas,
inspiration and talent person. By creating an open culture, we will be more
flexible and decentralized businesses to compete with existing market or a new
market.
For
example Tan Sri Robert Kuok Nien has its open culture and apply it in his
business. His attitude was very conscientious, ambitious, speech soft, polite,
orderly, and most importantly he approachable. Therefore, he has a workforce of
honest and loyal.
In
addition, features an open culture that existed at the Tan Sri Robert Kuok is
expanding its business of sugar refining company into the field of hospitality
and tourism because he believes that the tourism industry in China will grow
rapidly because there are many historical places.
VISIONARY
One of the best
characteristics that has in this entrepreneur is Robert Kuok is a visionary
person. According to the Visionary Business book (1995) by Marc Allen,
visionary is someone has first clearly imagined the development and growth of
that business, far before that growth occurred in physical reality. After
independence, he has established a Malaysia Sugar Manufacturing Company in
1958. He also had foresight to set up a sugar factory, the first in Malaysia to
gain monopoly power of government. Moreover, he also opened the country’s first
sugar cane fields, Perlis plantation or government-owned land with the help of
FELDA. Robert Kuok also thinking about expanding business overseas sugar and
1970s his farm expanded to Indonesia, making his one of the major sugar
merchants worldwide. Besides that, he also expanded his business empire to
other fields suh as shipping, aviation, establishment of the bank, hospitality,
and also to the field of media and real estate. Robert Kuok is a very visionary
in his business and he always foresight in working on it.
NETWORKED
Next, Robert Kuok is a entrepreneur who
has networking with others people in his business from the first his starting
to expand the business. According to the Ivan Misner (2012), he said that
networking is compiling a bigger database of names and usually by collecting
business cards. Robert Kuok showed that he is a networking entrepreneur in his
empire business. This can be seen in ever business that he do have contact with
outsiders. For example, Robert Kuok has nurtured close ties to emulate his
father by the Sultan Johor. This attributed when his father had been formed
Tong Seng & Company in Johor after obtaining the license in from the Sultan
Johor. He has been managing the company Tong Seng as a famous in the field of
distribution of rice, sugar and flour as well as general trading and cold items.
Then, he was given a contract to supply materials for some 50, 000 Japanese
prisoners of wa in Johor when the war ended. Besides that, Robert Kuok also has
a joint venture with Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Ltd. and Nissin Sugar Manufacturing
Malaysia when setting up the Sugar Manufacturing Company in 1958. He also had
help from FELDA to open the Perlis Plantation and set the cooperation of
authorities such as the Armed Forced Fund Board and Amanah Saham Nasional,
which maintains the highest level of government. He also foster good relations
with Asia Chinese businessmen such as Lim Siue Liong, Li Ka Shing, Tan Sri Khoo
Kay Peng, Datuk Tan Chin Nam, Run Run Shaw, Tt Tsui, Roberto Ongpin and Chatri
Sophonpanieh in what is said “Bamboo Network”
4.0 CONCLUSION
In
conclusion, entrepreneurs are individuals with special features that
differentiate them from other individuals. Entrepreneurs are the driving force
and catalyst for the economy countries. Forward and backward economy of a
country is depends on a dynamic entrepreneur and visionary. They are a unique
individual and different from ordinary people. A country will not achieve the
status of developed countries if not has a successful entrepreneur and highly
competitive. Therefore, entrepreneurs who become the backbone and driving force
of the higher economy.
The country needs to produce more entrepreneurs
to form a developed country. Successful entrepreneurs have to face all the
risks that exist and has critical thinking in order to form a useful and
quality product. Each individually will have a chance to succeed as an
entrepreneur because of the characteristics of entrepreneurship that exists on
most entrepreneurs are not born naturally, but due to factors such as an
outstanding initiative and higher success and confidence in their own ability
to become so powerful on stage world. Revenue entrepreneurs gives prosperity to
the people around the world. This is because entrepreneurs are the driving
forces that create, initialize and constantly strive to expand a business.
